KEY ISSUES OF THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN DIGNITY IN THE DOCTRINES OF STATE AND LAW

Abstract

The article analyzes the genesis and evolution of the concept of human dignity in doctrines of state and law from a comparative-legal perspective. Human dignity serves as the axiological foundation of modern legal systems and the normative core of the human rights concept; however, its doctrinal roots are often associated solely with the Western philosophical tradition. The objective of the study is to identify the continuity and distinctiveness of human dignity concepts in ancient Eastern, classical Antique, and medieval Eastern thinkers, as well as in Western political and legal thought, and on this basis, to substantiate the expression of this principle in the new edition of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study relies on comparative-legal, historical-legal, hermeneutic, and civilizational methods. The analysis reveals the stages of human dignity’s transformation from a moral-religious category into a philosophical principle, and subsequently into a universal legal norm. It also substantiates the doctrinal significance of the heritage found in the “Avesta”, as well as in the works of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Yusuf Khas Hajib, and Alisher Navoiy. The scientific novelty of the article lies in analyzing the idea of human dignity within the context of the history of legal doctrines by integrating Eastern and Western political-legal thought into a unified comparative framework. The results of the study can be utilized to improve the application of the human dignity principle in law-making, legal education, and judicial practice. In conclusion, specific proposals regarding the harmony between national legal heritage and universal standards are presented.