THE INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL MODEL FOR ENSURING PUBLIC SECURITY IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADAPTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

 The article presents a comprehensive scientific study dedicated to the comparative-legal and institutional analysis of the China People’s Republic’s public security model, with a subsequent assessment of the possibilities for adapting its individual elements to the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study examines the constitutional and legal foundations of China’s public security system, the role of the State Council of the PRC, the Ministry of Public Security, and the People’s Armed Police, as well as the features of centralized management, preventive risk control, digital monitoring, and interdepartmental coordination. The methodological basis of the study is made up of comparative-legal, institutional, systemic, functional, and critical-analytical methods, which allow for identifying both the advantages of the Chinese model and its controversial aspects. Particular attention is paid to the scientific positions of Chinese and foreign researchers regarding the relationship between centralized management, legal accountability, digitalization, inter-level interaction, and the limits of police powers. The article substantiates that the Chinese model possesses significant organizational and technological potential, yet its adaptation in the Republic of Uzbekistan must be selective and critically understood. Based on the conducted analysis, practical proposals were formulated to improve the public safety system of the Republic of  Uzbekistan, including the creation of a Unified Interdepartmental Center for Threat Analysis and Early Warning, the introduction of a unified digital platform for interdepartmental data exchange, the legislative delimitation of powers between central and territorial bodies, the formation of a situation headquarters system, the development of mechanisms for the legal assessment of security structures’ decisions, the improvement of preventive performance indicators and public opinion monitoring, as well as the regulatory consolidation of the “limited centralization” model. A preventive-oriented, technologically integrated, and legally balanced model of public security, based on the combination of governance, institutional accountability, and the protection of citizens’ rights, has been proposed as a target orientation.