PUBLIC SERVICE INSTITUTION: CONCEPT, ESSENCE AND FORMATION

Abstract

The article aims to analyze the origins of the civil service institution, the concept of civil service, and its essence. The research works of several foreign specialists on the formation of the civil service institute have been studied. It is concluded that the civil service as a professional sphere based on the meritocratic principle was formed in the 3rd millennium BC in the ancient East, mainly in ancient Egypt and ancient China. At the same time, it is noted that public service as a socio-legal category began to be used in Great Britain in the 19th century. Although the civil service as an institution was formed in Europe, views on it, in particular, opinions on the qualities that should be paid attention to when choosing government officials, are also reflected in national-historical sources. In this regard, he cites examples of some ideas put forward in the works of “Avesta,” Abu Nasr Farabi, Yusuf Khos Hajib, Nizamulmulk, Amir Temur, Alisher Navoi, and notes that they have not lost their significance even today. In addition, the features of the concepts of civil service, civil servant, and personnel were analyzed based on explanatory, encyclopedic dictionaries, as well as the views of domestic and foreign scientists, and author’s definitions of these concepts were proposed.